Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) is a biological molecule present in the bloodstream, typically consisting of fragments of nucleic acids, such as DNA. This DNA usually originates from the natural breakdown of cells, but in certain situations, such as tumor growth or when the body is in an inflamed state, its concentration can increase.

In the medical field, cfDNA in the bloodstream holds significant clinical applications. Here are some key areas of application:
Tumor Analysis:
cfDNA analysis can be used for early tumor detection, monitoring tumor progression, and predicting responses to tumor treatments. This approach is known as liquid biopsy, allowing the detection of tumor-specific genetic variations or mutations from a blood sample.

Non-Tumor Disease Analysis:
cfDNA analysis is also useful for detecting non-tumor diseases, such as autoimmune disorders. By examining the immune system's responses and levels of cytokines in the blood, it can aid in diagnosing and monitoring these conditions.

Prenatal Diagnosis:
Testing fetal cfDNA in the maternal bloodstream is employed in prenatal diagnosis, including screening for genetic disorders such as Down syndrome in the fetus.

Inflammation Detection:
The concentration of cfDNA increases in the bloodstream when the body experiences inflammation. Thus, it can also be used to detect and monitor inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease.

In summary, cfDNA analysis provides a non-invasive method for diagnosing and monitoring numerous clinical conditions, offering valuable insights into the state of health from a blood sample. Maintaining the stability and integrity of blood samples is crucial to ensuring accurate test results, underscoring the importance of selecting and handling storage containers effectively.